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صفحة: III
The State of Arrival ( Wusul ) in the Su fi Teachings of Abu : Bakr al-Kalabadhi ( d . 380 / 990 ) A Model of the Rhetorical Structure and the Problems of Identifying Wusul In Tenth Century Su fi Discourse Arin Salamah-Qudsi The University of Haifa If we closely examine al-Kalabadhi’s treatment of the highest mystic state of arrival ( wusul ) , we come across an interesting Su fi discourse that should be differentiated from other contemporary or non contemporary Su fi manuals . Although al-Kalabadhi attempted to cope with the theoretical system of thought that had been developed by the Su fi s since the beginning of the third / ninth century , he avoided any detailed treatment of the fi nal destination of the Su fi path , i . e . the state of wusul . Textual occurrences in which the state of wusul was tackled in al- Kalabadhi’s work , al-Ta › arruf li-madhhab ahl al-tasawwuf , show the following : 1 . Al-Kalabadhi places the knowledge of God ( ma › rifa ) among the highest stages in the Su fi route of ascent . The rank of fan › ( extinction ) comes before ma › rifa , and the state of uni fi cation ( tawhid ) comes after it . This means that the theoretical content of tawhid was extended by the early Su fi authors in such a way that it became a synonym for witnessing God in the heart . It became , therefore , one manifestation of the state of wusul . 2 . Al-Kalabadhi devotes the longest chapter in his work to the treatment of fan › and baq › ( subsistence ) . He cultivates the idea of the mystic infallibility of the knowers of God (› ismat al- › ari fi n ) according to which the › u fi who attains fan › is protected against returning to his previous lower states . Achieving fan › , in al-Kalabadhi’s view , does not imply a total renunciation of the world , but , contrarily , motivates the › u fi to practice the Muslim principle of “ ordering the virtuous and forbidding the wrong” ( al-amr bi-l-ma › ruf wa-l-nahi › an al-munkar ) in public . 3 . Unlike his successor al-Qushari , al-Kalabadhi excludes the concept of divine love from . his treatment of wusul 4 . Al- Kalabadhi does not impose a long period of hard ascetic austerities as a condition for obtaining wusul . Knowledge of God and achieving wusul could be granted by grace to one who did not seek it at all . I believe that this idea remained marginal in the Su fi theoretical system until the seventh / thirteenth century , whereas the in fl uential Su fi theoretician Abu Hafs al-Suhrawardi ( d . 632 / 1234 ) attempted to consolidate the concept of jadhb ( lit . direct attraction ) and the position of majdhub ( a person who is effortlessly attracted to God ) .
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مجمع اللغة العربية
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