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صفحة: V
Science fi ction partakes of the features of other genres as well . In that sense it is not a pure genre that is distinct from all others . It takes its power from various other types and styles of literature , such as fantasy , utopian literature , legends , horror stories , and gothic literature . There are two distinct types of science fi ction . Hard science fi ction stresses scienti fi c facts taken mainly from the natural sciences such as physics , biology and astronomy , while soft science fi ction utilizes technological innovations as a platform for dealing with psychological , philosophical , political and social issues . The most important functions of science fi ction can be said to be the following : progress and evolution ; criticism and warning ; prediction ; explaining science ; education ; a basis for cultural studies ; and de fi ning identity . As a result in recent years there has been a tendency to introduce science fi ction into school and college curricula . * * * Between Historical Testimony and Mythi fi cation of Reality Palestinian Fiction under Military Government in Israel Mahmud Ghanayim Tel Aviv University This paper begins by addressing three que ries concerning the interaction between Pales- tinian fi ction written in Israel , short stories in particular , and the military rule under which the Arab minority in that country lived from 1948 un til the mid–1960 s . The fi rst query concerns the task or func tion of that litera ture , given that in the Marx ist-dialec tic view— dominant at this time—literature is a call for change and a har binger of progressive revo- lution . The second query pertains to the aspirations of the literature in ques tion : whether it could and did serve as a trustworthy historical re fl ec tion of the period of military rule . The third addresses the philosophy pro fessed by that literature ; in other words , the school to which it be longed . A pe rusal of the relevant literary texts intimates that any ef fect they had on Arab society within Israel during the period of mili tary rule was purely marginal . This literature can be divided to three trends : 1 . The fi rst trend believes in the realistic-social principles . The most dominant writer of this stream is Hanna ‘ Ibrahim ( b . 1927 ) . These writers , who belong to this trend , published their products under the military rule . They suffered from the cruelty of this rule , imprisoned and divorced from their of fi cial positions and employs . A few short stories were published in daily journals and magazines , especially these of the
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مجمع اللغة العربية
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