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Two Literary Critics in Modern Arabic Literature : Ma › m › d Am › n al- ‘› lim and Ad › n › s Ahmad Nassir This study compares the literary critics Ad › n › s and al- ‘› lim . It is noted that in his writings on literary criticism Ad › n › s did not address prose literature , whether novels or short stories , but wrote mainly on modern and classical Arabic poetry . He voiced criticism concerning the Arab cultural heritage ( religion and language ) and also attacked Arab culture and education , which , so he claimed , are built upon acceptance of the unchanging and rejection of the variable . Al- ‘› lim dealt with literary criticism from a broader and more open perspective , debated with some well-known critics and raised important literary issues . He wrote articles concerning Arabic short stories and novels , for example in his two most important books : أربعون عاما في ( The Trilogy of Refusal and Defeat ) and ث › ثيـــة الرفض والهزيمـــة ( Forty Years of النقـــد التطبيقـــي : البنية والد › لة في القصـــة والرواية العربية المعاصـــرة Applied Criticism : The Structure and Function of the Arabic Short Story and Novel in Our Time ) . Al- ‘› lim’s , it is argued , tried to combine literary criticism and new literary theories , with a clear tendency towards ideological realistic criticism . Apparently this tendency stemmed from his belief in Communism and Marxist Socialist doctrine . He argues that in Arab culture there have been no real theoretical innovations , either in literary criticism or in art ; he blames this on the weakness in critical theoretical thought and the lack of democratic social and political activity in the Arab world . Ad › n › s was a very prominent critic , whose ideas aroused an intense

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