|
|
صفحة: VI
Oddly the incidence of Aramaisms in the speech patterns of Beduin is hardly mentioned in the technical literature on Arabic and Semitics , possibly , because it is often gratuitously assumed that these nomads ’ alleged geographical isolation from settled communities has tended to protect them from the potential effects of language contact . Two factors suggest that this view rests on an unrealistic idealization of the nomadic aspect of Beduin communities ( i ) the recurring trend of Arab nomads settling on the periphery of sedentary centres ; ( ii ) the linguistic consequences of interaction between nomads and sedentary speech communities in the history of the Arab world — often culminating in extensive beduinization of sedentary speech patterns ( cf . Blanc 1964 ) . The focus of the present research is on the opposite historical process whereby Beduin communities become linguistically acculturated to sedentary speech patterns . The practical objective of the present research on the lexicon of Beduin Arabic is to focus attention on internal historical and comparative aspects of nomadic Arabic emerging from a field survey of the vernaculars of settled Beduin spoken in the Negev , collated with available data from other Beduin colloquials as attested in major works undertaken by past scholars , like Socin ( 1901 ) and Boris ( 1958 ) . As will be shown below , lexical stratification in Beduin Arabic lends itself to suggestive interpretative hypotheses ; thus the extensive geographical distribution of lexical Aramaisms in Beduin vernaculars clearly shows that they hark back to an early historical stage antedating the exodus of Arabic-speaking nomads from the Arabian Peninsula : › Utaybah Beduin ( Central Arabia ) balas ‘ spy on , ’ ball › s , pl bal › l › s ‘ enemy spy’ délation’ ( Landberg délater , ’ tabl › s ‘ délation ( Kurpershoek 1999 : 335 ) ~ Dath › na ballas 204 ) ~ Kuwait bilasa ‘ payment to a spy to trace a stolen camel’ ( Dickson 1949 : 625 ) ~ Sudan ball › s ‘ spy ; paid informant’ ( Qasim 2002 : 112 ) ~ Jewish Aram bla ڑ ‘ suchen , aufsuchen , durchsuchen , ’ Hebrew balle ڑ et / b › le ڑ et ~ Jewish Aram ball › ڑ › ‘ Spionentrupp’ ( Levy I , 237–38 ) || Negev Ar m ›› ‘ whey ; Milchwasser , Molken ( also ma › l , Dalman VI , 303 ) ’ ~ Yemen miyy › s , imiyy › s ‘ faire tourner en eau ; se transformer en petit-lait’ ( Piamenta II , 475 ) ~ Marazig sérum de lait , ’ mayyi › ‘ exprimer , par pression , le petit Beduin ( S . Tunisia ) m ›› ‘ sérum , partie pressuré ( ebna ) ’ ( Boris 1958 : 595 ) , m ››/ mai › ‘ sérum lait du fromage caillé ; toute sérosité du lait sérosité caséine du petit-lait ; sépare de la caséine liquide coagulé et imman- fétide , ’ mmiyy › s ‘ aliment liquide refroidi , matière sale et émare faite que d’eau , sans corps gras ) ’ ( De Prém geable ( dont la sauce ne parait XI , 287 ) ~ Andalus › Ar mays , pl muy › s ‘ whey , ’ mays ma › b › x ‘ second curds’
|
مجمع اللغة العربية
|