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صفحة: V
3 . The significance of Aramaisms in the Beduin lexicon The historically divergent character of Beduin Arabic vernaculars is particularly evident in the lexical domain ; thus , perusal of the selective glossary exemplified in this paper shows that a sizeable component in the word stock of Negev Arabic and of other Beduin vernaculars cited here , has no obvious parallel in sedentary Arabic or in the classical language , either because it refers to realia of desert life irrelevant to settled groups , or because it continues lineally acquired Semitic Sprachgut foreign to both literary and sedentary forms of colloquial Arabic , such as highly distinctive Aramaic lexical strata . Observe , for instance , the following lexical correspondences between Beduin vernaculars and two different varieties of ancient Aramaic : Awl › d › Ali ( Libya ) ‹ hagwah › ‘ Rat’ ( = ‹ ra › y ›; Hartmann 1899 : 237 ) ~ Jewish Aram h › g › ‘ nachsinnen , nachdenken’ ( Levy I , 450 ) ~ Syriac heg › ‘ meditate , ’ hegy › n › ‘ meditation , study ’ ~ Tigre te-haga ‘ speak , ’ Ugaritic hg ‘ count , reckon’ ( TDOT 3 : 321 ) || Negev Ar ma › ad › f ( jur . ) ‘( referring to ) a judge preferred by a claimant and defendant ) ’ ( own observ . ) ~ Jewish Aram ›› daf and ›› d › f ‘ vorzüglich sein’ ( Levy III , 623 ) || Negev Ar s › tyih , pl saw › tiy and Sinai Beduin s › dyih , pl saw › diy ‘ legal precedent’ ( own observ . ) ~ Syriac › e ڑ t › ‘ fundus ( sepulcri ) ’ ( Brockelmann 1928 : 810–11 ) ~ Jewish Aram ڑ tiyy › h ‘ foundation’ ( Jastrow 1886 : 1638 ) ~ Postbiblical Hebrew ڑ tiyy › h , ma ڑ t › t ‘ foundation , basis’ ( Klein 1987 : 685 ) . Certain elements in the Aramaic lexical component of Beduin Arabic are patently very old since they are sometimes shared by Arabian and N . African varieties of Beduin Arabic , e . g ., the already cited Aramaism haga ‘ imagine , surmise’ in Negev Arabic , which invites comparison with : Najd Beduin haga , tihagwa b- ‘ reckon , presume , imagine , ’ haga ‘ fancy , expect , believe that s . th . can be done , achieved , obtained’ ( cf Kurpershoek II 459 ; III 474 ) ~ Sinai Beduin h › g › ( = ›› rif ) ‘ know , imagine , ’ hagwa ‘ thought’ ( Bailey 1991 : 455 ) ~ Eastern Arabia haga / haka ‘ think , ponder , ’ tih › ga ( v / i ) ‘ think , believe ’ ( Holes 2001 : 544 ) . The existence of an Aramaic substratum in the colloquial Arabic lexicon has been remarked upon in a number of linguistic studies , especially those addressing the Eastern Arabic vernaculars spoken by urban and rural communities in Greater Syria ( Feghali 1918 ) and Iraq ( Blanc 1964 ) , though Aramaic substrata are not limited to the Eastern continuum of dialectal Arabic ( cf . Borg 2009 ) .
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مجمع اللغة العربية
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