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صفحة: III
traditional speech patterns . A compelling factor highlighting the need for diachronic research on Beduin Arabic is the wellknown linguistic conservatism of nomadic vernaculars , and their consequent utility for comparative diachronic research . A recent study of colour categorization among the Negev Bedouin in Borg ( 1999 ) has , for instance , shown that urban vernaculars of Arabic display a more evolved colour system encoding the eleven colour categories of the Berlin & Kay ( 1968 ) sequence , as opposed to the six categories typified among tent- dwelling Beduin in the Negev . Significantly , Fischer ( 1965 ) has shown that the Pre-Islamic Arabic colour paradigm comprised only five basic colour terms . In the realm of morphology , Bedouin Arabic often retains the use of tanw › n in poetry . Observe also the incidence of infinitives on the fa ›› l scheme , apparently typical of nomadic vernaculars and in parts of Arabia : Negev Beduin : › ak › l ‘ remuneration paid to a person who supplies information on a murderer’s identity’ | sad › d ‘ implementation of blood vengeance’ | wak › d ‘ certainty’ : wak › d u harj irk › d ‘ a certain and well established fact’ | kaf › n – gillt al-laban ‘ hunger , that is , shortage of milk’ || Rwala Beduin ra ››› ‘ inflammation of a camel’s hoof’ ( Musil 1928 : 369 ) | E . Arabian h › y lu › iz ?—la wak › d ‘ Is this a riddle—No , it really happened ’ ( Holes 2001 : 13 ) , etc . It is here suggested that this morphophonemic pattern and its grammatical : function evoke continuity with the Akkadian infinitive scheme as in Akkadian ( Black et . al ., 2000 ) : ak › lu ( m ) ‘ to eat’ ( p . 9 ) | bar › qu ( m ) ‘ lighten , shine , flash . ( eyes ) ’ ( p . 38 ) | › as › su ( m ) ‘ be conscious , remember’ ( p . 109 ) , etc The scientific proposition of a comparative lexicon of spoken Arabic recommends itself on several grounds . The Arabic Sprachraum is characterized by a great deal of linguistic variation that has interested Arabic scholars in the th West , at least , since the early decades of the 19 century . In view of the fact that lexical variation in certain regions of this extensive linguistic continuum can be shown to represent the outcome of substratal or adstratal contact with Semitic or other languages ( Aramaic , Coptic , Berber , Greek etc . ) , a systematic lexicon of colloquial Arabic would be an indispensable research instrument in a reconstruction of Arabic language history . Reconstructing the cultural and linguistic history of a community through its language requires the research to exemplify several types of discourse : spontaneous speech reflecting everyday usage , texts in various genres of unwritten literature : traditional poetry and narratives , different categories of wisdom literature ( proverbs , legal maxims , etc . ) . This classification is of particular significance in relation to the Beduin since these retain a formal distinction between every day speech and higher
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مجمع اللغة العربية
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